Hormones | HealthInfi

Hormones are chemical agents, transmitters among different tissues of our organism. Hormones are produced by the endocrine glands. For example, sex hormones are produced mainly by ovaries and in insignificant quantity by adrenal glands. Hormones penetrate in the blood and make a targeted organ start its function activity or stop its work. The blood contains a large quantity of various biologically active agents at the same time, however, different hormones find their targeted organs. How it is going on?

There is a unique mode of action for all hormones, allowing them to know the targeted organs: hormones communicate with the specific albuminous molecules in the tissues, then penetrate into cells, and that means the process is started. It is interesting that each hormone has own specific protein-receptor.

So, this system works on the lock-and-key principle where the hormones are keys, and the receptors are locks. It is evident that if any hormones are not produced in an organism, corresponding “locks” could not be opened anymore and activity of this hormone-dependable organ will be decreased. For example, the estrogen receptors (female sex hormones) are situated practically in all tissues and organs, including the skin and the brain, thence, when sufficient quantity of estrogens is not synthesized not only genitals organs are changed, but other bodies. Ovaries are responsible for normal function of the female reproductive system.

However, ovaries activity is subordinated to the influence of hypophysis hormones, follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) and luteinizing hormones. The coordinated work of hypophysis and ovaries is fulfilled on the principle of negative feedback, that means the low sex hormones level leads to making ovaries to produce more hypophyseal hormones (follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones level is increased). Consequently, the sufficient estrogen level is accompanied by decrease in follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones.

As we have already known that ovarian failure leads to deficiency of estrogens, we can assume that in menopause level of these hypophyseal hormones will be significantly increased. This fact for the doctors is important since it allows to find out that menstruation stops because of lack of follicles indicating at menopause, or certain diseases. We stop our explanation at this point because we do not study diseases here.

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What Are Hormones, and What Do They Do?

Hormones are special chemical messengers in the body that are created in the endocrine glands. These messengers control most major bodily functions, from simple basic needs like hunger to complex systems like reproduction, and even the emotions and mood. Understanding the major hormone functions will help patients take control of their health.

These chemical messengers help organs, tissues, and cells communicate within the body.

 Hormones are chemicals produced by the body to help one part of the body communicate with another, by sending signals to certain organs, tissues, and cells.

Released directly into the bloodstream by organs known as endocrine glands, hormones circulate through the body until they make contact with their target areas.

The initial contact a hormone makes with a cell starts a series of important reactions carried out within that specific cell or tissue.

Some of the activities of hormones include:

• Prompting cell or tissue growth and development
• Helping with food metabolism
• Initiating and maintaining sexual development and reproduction
• Maintaining body temperature
• Controlling thirst
• Regulating mood and cognitive functioning

Hormones are extremely powerful chemicals — very small amounts can have major effects on the body.

Humans, animals, and plants all produce hormones that play important roles in helping these organisms function properly.Read More